Flood Incidence and Sustainable Development Planning Implications in Santchou, Cameroon
Tosam Hycinth Ngong *
Department of Maritime Transport, Higher Institute of Transport and Logistics, The University of Bamenda, P.O. Box 39 Bambili, Cameroon.
Banseka JaneFrances Yenlajai
Department of Geography and Planning, Faculty of Arts, The University of Bamenda, P.O. Box 39 Bambili, Cameroon.
Constantine Nwune Alusoh
Department of Geography, The University of Bamenda, P.O. Box 39 Bambili, Cameroon.
Jude Ndzifon Kimengsi
Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Management Sciences, The University of Bamenda, P.O. Box 39 Bambili, Cameroon.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
While studies on the incidence of flooding exist in several parts of Cameroon, very little empirical evidence has been reported for highly dynamic and urbanizing landscapes in Cameroon. Yet, micro level evidence on flooding and their development planning implications are required to advance theory building in the frame of development planning and hazard mitigation in rapidly urbanizing contexts. This paper bridges the knowledge gap by using the case of Santchou, a highly dynamic landscape, to: (a) analyse the spatio-temporal variations in flood incidence, (b) determine the drivers of flood occurrence, and (c) examine their sustainable development planning implications. To achieve these objectives, a representative sample of 141 households was conducted in five communities within the study area. This was complemented by key informant interviews (n=8) and field observations. Data was collected using the Kobo Collect tool. The collected data was analysed descriptively and presented as tables and bar charts, with the aid of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 25). Cartographic data was analysed spatially and presented using maps. Based on the findings, the following conclusions were derived: Firstly, flood occurrence vary spatially in terms of severity, with very high intensity in the south east; this decreases towards the north west and western sections of the study area. Flood occurrence also vary over time with the peak of occurrence observed in the month of July and August which corresponds to the peak of the rainy season. Secondly, the most significant effects of floods include; the destruction of physical installations such as houses, household items. Floods equally affect human activities through the destruction of crops, livestock and the disruption of transport circulation. Furthermore, flood effects are less severe in Santchou Ville and Albatross neighborhoods compared to neighborhoods such as; Madagascar, Bessouck and Kassala Farm. Thirdly, while planning approaches exist at household, neighborhood and municipality levels, the most effective involves the use of sandbags and the cleaning of water channels. This study recommends that, sustainable development planning measures currently implemented at the household, neighborhood and municipal levels should be encouraged by the state and civil society organizations such as NGOs. Additionally, sustainable development planning measures should be implemented alongside proactive measures such as; flood alert signals, and the resettlement of inhabitants to safer areas. Future studies should assess the effectiveness of flood management approaches in the study area.
Keywords: Flood incidence, spatial variations, resettlement, implications, sustainable development